HomeHibernateHow to persist an Entity in Database using JPA?

How to persist an Entity in Database using JPA?

February 27, 2020

Table Structure in Database

Technologies Used in example :

JPA 2.1
Hibernate 5.2.6
MySql 8.0
Maven 3
Spring Tool Suite (STS) 3.9.8
Java 1.8

Persistence.xml (Where Database configuration provided)

<persistence-unit name="jbd-pu">
		<provider>org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider</provider>
		<properties>
        <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver" />
        <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url" 
          value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jpa_jbd?useJDBCCompliantTimezoneShift=true" />
        <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="root" />
        <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="password" />
        <property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true" />
      
        <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLInnoDBDialect"/>
    </properties>
  </persistence-unit>

Mapping Studen.java class

@Entity(name="STUDENT")
public class Student {
	
	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO, generator="native")
	@GenericGenerator(
		    name = "native",
		    strategy = "native"
		)
	@Column(name = "ID")
	private Long studentId;
	
	@Column(name = "FNAME")
	private String firstName;
	
	@Column(name = "LNAME")
	private String lastName;
	
	@Column(name = "CONTACT_NO")
	private String contactNo;

    // Setters Getters

Quick look on annotations :

Student.java class mapped to the Student table in database.
@Entity: Represents that Student.java class is mapped to Student table in DB.
@Id : Specifies the primary key property or field of an entity. To map field to the primary key column in table.
@GeneratedValue : Provides for the specification of generation strategies for the values of primary keys.
GenerationType : Defines the types of primary key generation. In this case autoincrement in Mysql database.
@column : Is used to map with specific table column. By default each field is mapped to a column with the name of the field. However if column names are different than the field names , then they can be specified @Column(name=”COLUMN_NAME”).

Saving Entity to the Database :

To Save Entity in DB:
1. Create EntityManagerFactory.
2. Create EntityManager using EntityManagerFactory.
3. Get Transaction by using EntityManager.
4. call the Transaction’s begin();
5. call the EntityManger’s persist(Entity);
6. commit the transaction.
Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(“jbd-pu”) – returns EntityManagerFactory and it uses persistence unit and it finds processes the persistence meta information.

Persist

The persist operation must be used for only new entities. When you create new entity, it’s in the transient entity lifecycle .
A transient state entity is not associated with any database table record and it’s not managed by persistence context.
To save an entity to database you need to attach entity to persistence context and they become managed. You can use EntityManager’s persist operation to persist an entity in DB
And persisted entity lifecycle state becomes Persistent and can be managed with in current persistence context.

public class App 
{
    public static void main( String[] args )
    {
    	EntityManagerFactory emf = null;
		EntityManager entityManager = null;
		EntityTransaction transaction = null;
		
		try{
			emf = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("jbd-pu");
			entityManager = emf.createEntityManager();
			transaction = entityManager.getTransaction();
			transaction.begin();
			
			Student student = new Student();
			student.setFirstName("Alex");
			student.setLastName("Minova");
			student.setContactNo("+1-408-575-1317");
			
			entityManager.persist(student);
			
			transaction.commit();
		}catch(Exception e){
			transaction.rollback();
		}finally{
			entityManager.close();
			emf.close();
		}
    }
}

You will see like following output in console.

Hibernate: insert into STUDENT (CONTACT_NO, FNAME, LNAME) values (?, ?, ?)
Feb 14, 2020 5:44:35 PM org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.DriverManagerConnectionProviderImpl stop
INFO: HHH10001008: Cleaning up connection pool [jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jpa_jbd?useJDBCCompliantTimezoneShift=true&useLegacyDatetimeCode=false&serverTimezone=UTC&useSSL=false]

Read more :

Download Application – JPA-Helloworld.zip (16 KB)

Hibernate JPA